flawopen.com/path-traversal/Csharp
How Path.Combine discards root paths in C#, and how to verify boundaries using Path.GetFullPath and StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase.
Bayangkan pembaca kartu kunci hotel yang hanya boleh membuka kamar di lantai dua. Jika seorang tamu mengetik '../../master-safe' pada tombol pintu, kunci yang rentan keluar ke lorong dan membuka brankas utama milik manajer.
Web Application SecurityCWE-918.CWE-918Defense-in-DepthTitik akhir menerima nama file atau pengenal sumber daya dari parameter permintaan HTTP.
Penyerang menyisipkan urutan traversal seperti '../', '..%2f' atau jalur mutlak ke parameter file.
Backend menggabungkan nama file tanpa kanonisasi jalur dan tanpa memastikan target tetap dalam folder aman.
Sistem membaca dan mengalirkan file sensitif (misal: /etc/passwd atau rahasia konfigurasi) ke klien.
// VULNERABLE: Path.Combine discards baseFolder if userInput has a leading slash
using System.IO;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class FileController : ControllerBase {
private readonly string _baseFolder = @"C:\App\Storage\Uploads";
[HttpGet("download")]
public IActionResult Download([FromQuery] string file) {
// If file is "\Windows\System32\cmd.exe", basePath is discarded!
// If file is "..\..\App.config", it breaks out of the folder
string targetPath = Path.Combine(_baseFolder, file);
if (!System.IO.File.Exists(targetPath)) return NotFound();
return PhysicalFile(targetPath, "application/octet-stream");
}
}
// HARDENED: Canonicalize path and assert directory prefix containment
using System;
using System.IO;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class FileController : ControllerBase {
private readonly string _baseFolder;
public FileController() {
_baseFolder = Path.GetFullPath(@"C:\App\Storage\Uploads");
}
[HttpGet("download")]
public IActionResult Download([FromQuery] string file) {
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(file)) return BadRequest("Invalid filename");
// 1. Strip leading slashes to prevent Path.Combine root discard
string cleanName = file.TrimStart(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, Path.AltDirectorySeparatorChar);
// 2. Resolve canonical full path
string fullPath = Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(_baseFolder, cleanName));
// 3. Strict boundary containment check with DirectorySeparatorChar
string safePrefix = _baseFolder.TrimEnd(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar) + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;
if (!fullPath.StartsWith(safePrefix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) {
return Forbid("Path traversal attempt detected");
}
if (!System.IO.File.Exists(fullPath)) return NotFound();
return PhysicalFile(fullPath, "application/octet-stream");
}
}
Path.Combine().Path.GetFullPath() to resolve traversal dots.