flawopen.com/path-traversal/Python
How os.path.join silently discards the root directory when input starts with a slash, and how to use pathlib.Path.resolve() and is_relative_to().
Bayangkan pembaca kartu kunci hotel yang hanya boleh membuka kamar di lantai dua. Jika seorang tamu mengetik '../../master-safe' pada tombol pintu, kunci yang rentan keluar ke lorong dan membuka brankas utama milik manajer.
Web Application SecurityCWE-918.CWE-918Defense-in-DepthTitik akhir menerima nama file atau pengenal sumber daya dari parameter permintaan HTTP.
Penyerang menyisipkan urutan traversal seperti '../', '..%2f' atau jalur mutlak ke parameter file.
Backend menggabungkan nama file tanpa kanonisasi jalur dan tanpa memastikan target tetap dalam folder aman.
Sistem membaca dan mengalirkan file sensitif (misal: /etc/passwd atau rahasia konfigurasi) ke klien.
# VULNERABLE: os.path.join discards BASE_DIR if filename starts with '/'
import os
from flask import Flask, request, abort, send_file
app = Flask(__name__)
BASE_DIR = '/var/app/public/user_uploads'
@app.route('/download')
def download_file():
filename = request.args.get('file')
# If filename is "/etc/passwd", os.path.join returns "/etc/passwd"!
# If filename is "../../etc/passwd", it traverses outside BASE_DIR
target_path = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, filename)
if not os.path.exists(target_path):
abort(404)
return send_file(target_path)
# HARDENED: Resolve canonical path and enforce strict boundary containment
from pathlib import Path
from flask import Flask, request, abort, send_file
app = Flask(__name__)
BASE_DIR = Path('/var/app/public/user_uploads').resolve()
@app.route('/download')
def download_file():
filename = request.args.get('file', '')
# 1. Strip leading slashes and resolve relative components
clean_name = filename.lstrip('/\\')
target_path = (BASE_DIR / clean_name).resolve()
# 2. Strict containment check: target MUST be inside BASE_DIR
if not target_path.is_relative_to(BASE_DIR) or not target_path.is_file():
abort(403)
return send_file(target_path)
pathlib.Path.resolve() rather than os.path.abspath().