flawopen.com/Teardowns/cve-2022-22965-spring4shell
Технический анализ исходного кода и защитные инженерные меры для CVE-2022-22965: Source code teardown of Spring4Shell (CVE-2022-22965): Java BeanWrapper property navigation into Tomcat AccessLogValve to write a webshell to disk.
Наглядная аналогия: Imagine ordering a customized sandwich online: bread=wheat, cheese=cheddar. But the ordering form lets you type 'kitchen.oven.temperature=5000' and the restaurant's computer blindly adjusts the restaurant's actual kitchen machinery! In Spring4Shell, an attacker used standard HTTP parameters to navigate into the internal Java classloader, telling the web server to create a new log file called 'shell.jsp' and write executable hacker commands into it.
Open Source SystemsCWE-SecurityDefense-in-DepthОсновная причина заключается в невалидированных граничных параметрах в системах с открытым исходным кодом, что приводит к рассинхронизации состояний и обходу средств безопасности.
Attacker submits HTTP POST parameters targeting Tomcat's class loader: class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.prefix=shell.
Attacker sets the log suffix to .jsp and pattern to an executable JSP webshell snippet.
Tomcat's AccessLogValve flushes access logs, creating webapps/ROOT/shell.jsp with executable payload code.
Attacker accesses http://victim/shell.jsp?cmd=whoami, executing arbitrary commands with web server privileges.
// VULNERABLE: Only blocked 'classLoader' directly, missing 'module'
if (Class.class == beanClass && ("classLoader".equals(pd.getName()) ||
"protectionDomain".equals(pd.getName()))) {
continue; // Bypassed via class.module.classLoader on Java 9+
}
// FIXED: Strictly restrict all Class property access except 'name'
if (Class.class == beanClass && (!"name".equals(pd.getName()))) {
continue; // Disallows classLoader, module, and all reflection entry points
}
prefix=shell.cmd=whoami, executing arbitrary commands with web server privileges.