flawopen.com/path-traversal/Javascript

● CWE-918 · 高危
安全研究 · FlawOpen

漏洞深度剖析:Path Traversal in JavaScript

How naive path.join allows directory traversal in Express/Node.js, and how to enforce directory boundary checks with path.resolve and path.sep.

💡 通俗易懂的原理解析 (ELI5)

设想一家酒店的房卡扫描锁原本只允许开启二楼的客房。如果客人在门禁键盘上输入 '../../master-safe',有缺陷的门锁就会跳出当前楼道,直接打开酒店经理办公室的主保险箱。

核心概念与专有名词

Web Application Security
技术概念 (Web Application Security):Core architecture component affected by CWE-918.
CWE-918
技术概念 (CWE-918):Standard Common Weakness Enumeration classification for path-traversal-javascript.
Defense-in-Depth
技术概念 (Defense-in-Depth):Multi-layered engineering verification and runtime boundary isolation.

攻击执行流程分解

Step 1

客户端提交文件路径参数

应用程序接口通过 HTTP 参数接收用户指定的文件名、报告路径或静态资源标识。

Step 2

目录遍历序列注入

攻击者在文件名参数中注入相对路径遍历符号(如 '../', '..%2f')或绝对路径覆盖。

Step 3

文件系统根目录边界逃逸

后端直接将不可信输入与基础目录拼接,未进行规范化绝对路径解析(Canonicalization)与边界校验。

Step 4

敏感文件未授权读取或覆盖

系统运行时打开并回传敏感配置文件(如 /etc/passwd、源码凭证、环境变量密钥),造成数据外泄。

源代码对比:漏洞与安全实现

✕ 存在漏洞的实现
// VULNERABLE: path.join allows directory breakout
const express = require('express');
const path = require('path');
const fs = require('fs');

const app = express();
const PUBLIC_DIR = path.join(__dirname, 'public');

app.get('/download', (req, res) => {
  // Attacker input: "../../etc/passwd"
  const targetFile = path.join(PUBLIC_DIR, req.query.file);
  
  // Directly pipes arbitrary system file to response!
  res.sendFile(targetFile);
});
✓ 加固后的安全修复
// HARDENED: Canonicalize path and assert prefix with directory separator
const express = require('express');
const path = require('path');
const fs = require('fs');

const app = express();
const PUBLIC_DIR = path.resolve(__dirname, 'public');

app.get('/download', (req, res) => {
  const userInput = req.query.file;
  if (!userInput || typeof userInput !== 'string') {
    return res.status(400).send('Invalid file parameter');
  }

  // 1. Resolve to absolute path
  const safePath = path.resolve(PUBLIC_DIR, userInput);

  // 2. Strict boundary check: must start with base folder + separator
  if (!safePath.startsWith(PUBLIC_DIR + path.sep)) {
    return res.status(403).send('Forbidden: Path Traversal detected');
  }

  // 3. Verify file exists and is a regular file
  fs.stat(safePath, (err, stats) => {
    if (err || !stats.isFile()) return res.status(404).send('File not found');
    res.sendFile(safePath);
  });
});

工程与系统安全加固清单

References